~안녕하세요~

~Welcome to Let's Learn Korean Blog~

Here, we will together learn Korean words & sentences with using 3 languages, so that people all around can learn it too.
We serve in Chinese, Indonesian, and English.
Hope you will enjoy it ^^
화이팅~

For further information to learn Korean words, follow & ask our Twitter Letslearn_Korea

THE COLOR CODE:
BLUE=INDONESIAN, ORANGE=ENGLISH, RED=CHINESE

PS: The English translation is not 100% correct (specially the grammars), but I hope you can understand what I mean, in the materials.

~LET'S LEARN TOGETHER~

Saturday, August 13, 2011

Masuk Ke Korea / Upon Arrival at the Airport / 入境

CHAPTER 1: 입국 (ipkkuk)

Petugas Bea Cukai / Immigration Officer / 海關員:
여권을 보여 주세요(Yeokkwoneul boyeo juseyo)
Tolong tunjukkan paspor Anda
May I have your passport please?
請給我看看護照

Bill:
여기 있습니다 (yeogi isseumnida)
Ini paspor saya
Here it is
在這兒

Petugas Bea Cukai / Immigration Officer / 海關員:
한국에는 무슨 일로 오셨습니까? (Han-gugeneun museun illo osyeosseumnikka?)
Apa tujuan Anda datang ke Korea?
What is the purpose of your visit?
你來韓國有什麼事?

Bill:
관광하러 왔어요 (Gwan-gwang-hareo wasseoyo)
Untuk berwisata
I am here for a tour
來觀光

일 때문에 왔어요 (Il ttaemune wasseoyo)
Untuk bekerja
I am here for work
來辦事

Petugas Bea Cukai / Immigration Officer / 海關員:
직업이 무엇입니까? (Jigeobi mueosimnikka?)
Apa jenis pekerjaan Anda?
What is your job?
你做什麼事?(職業是什麼?)

Bill:
회사원입니다 (Hoesawonimnida)
Saya adalah karyawan
I am a company employee
公司職員

Petugas Bea Cukai / Immigration Officer / 海關員:
한국에 처음 오셨습니까? (Han-guge cheo-eum osseyosseumnikka?)
Apakah Anda datang ke Korea untuk pertama kali?
Is this your first visit to Korea?
第一次來韓國嗎?

Bill:
네, 그렇습니다 (Ne, geureosseumnida)
Ya, betul
Yes it is
是的

아니오, 두 번쨉니다 (두 번째입니다) (Anio, dubeonjjaeimnida)
Tidak, ini untuk kedua kalinya
No, this is my second time
不是。是第二次

Petugas Bea Cukai / Immigration Officer / 海關員:
한국에 언제까지 계실 겁니까? (Han-guge eonjekkaji gyesilkkeomnikka?)
Berapa lama Anda berada di Korea?
How long will you stay in Korea, Bill?
打算在韓國停留幾天?

Bill:
일주일 있을 겁니다 (Iljjuil isseulkkeomnida)
Saya akan berada di Korea selama satu minggu
I'll be staying for a week
我要停留一個星期

Vocabs:
입국 (ipkkuk) masuk negara / arrival / 入境
여권 (yeokkwon) paspor / passport / 護照
여기 (yeogi) di sini / here / 這兒
있다 (itta) ada / to have /
오다 (oda) datang / to come /
한국 (han-guk) Korea (Korea Selatan) / Korea / 韓國
일 (il) pekerjaan / work / 事情(工作)
관광 (gwan-gwang) pariwisata / tour / 旅遊
직업 (jigeop) jenis pekerjaan / job / 職業
무엇 (mu-eot) apakah / what / 什麼
회사원 (hoesawon) karyawan / Company employee / 公司職員
처음 (cheo-eum) untuk pertama kali / first / 第一次
네 (ne) ya / yes /
아니오 (anio) tidak (bukan) / no / 不是
두 번째 (dubeonjjae) untuk ke-dua kali / second time / 第二次
언제 (eonje) bilamana / when / 什麼時候
일주일 (iljjuil) satu minggu / a week / 一個星期
계시다 (gyesida) berada / to stay / 停留

Jenis Pekerjaan / Occupation / 職業
학생 (haksaeng) pelajar / student / 學生
공무원 (gongmuwon) pegawai pemerintah / public official / 公務員
의사 (uisa) dokter / doctor / 醫生
간호사 (ganhosa) juru rawat / nurse / 護士
약사 (yaksa) apoteker / pharmacist / 藥劑師
엔지니어 (enjinieo) teknisi / engineer / 工程師
변호사 (byeonhosa) pengacara / lawyer / 律師
검사 (geomsa) jaksa / prosecutor / 檢察官
사업가 (sa-eopga) pengusaha / businessman / 企業家
회사원 (hoesawon) karyawan / company employee / 公司職員

Credits: KBS World Radio

Wednesday, August 10, 2011

HaPnida or HaMnida?

There are tons of Korean phrases that end with ‘합니다’ – 감사합니다 (thank you), 미안합니다 (I am sorry), 사랑합니다 (I love you), and so on. But some people wonder;

Why 합니다 [haP-ni-da] sounds like 함니다[haM-ni-da]?
Which one is correct? 합니다 with ‘ㅂ’ or 함니다 with ‘ㅁ’?
The truth is both of them are correct in some sense.

합니다
with ‘ㅂ’ is the way it should be written. and

함니다
with ‘ㅁ’ is the way it should be pronounced.

There is one Korean pronunciation rule called nasalization (비음화) and basically the rule states that when a non-nasal sound (‘ㅂ’ in this case) meets a nasal sound (‘ㄴ’ in this case), the non-nasal character changes its sound value to a nasal sound (‘ㅁ’ in this case – both ‘ㄴ’ and ‘ㅁ’ are nasal sounds). Hence, 합니다 will sound like 함니다. – For more information on this rule please check out the video lesson.

Source: busyatom

What Are The Difference of 나 - 저 - 제 - 내 ??

Yes.. all of them are mean I/Me.
Do you know when to use them?
Check it out...

INDONESIAN
Apa perbedaan dari  나 - 저 - 제 - 내 ??
나 dalam bahasa Korea berarti "SAYA". 저 juga berarti "SAYA" dalam bahasa Korea, tetapi dibandingkan dengan 나, 저 sering digunakan di situasi dimana kamu perlu untuk merendahkan dirimu (bukan dalam arti konyol atau buruk).
Dengan merendahkan dirimu, dikatakan bahwa dengan menggunakan 저 daripada 나 kamu secara tidak langsung menyatakan kesopanan kepada pendengar. Biasanya 저 digunakan dalam gaya 존 댓말.


Contoh2:
1) 나는 왕이다 = Saya seorang Raja
2) 교수님, 저는 학생이에요 = Professor, saya seorang mahasiswa / murid.


Bentuk pendek dengan simpulan:
저 + 는 (topic particle) --> 전
나 + 는 (topic particle) --> 난


Saya (bentuk sederhana) = 저 + 의 (berkenaan dengan milik(?) particle) --> 제
Saya (bentuk polos) = 나 + 의 (berkenaan dengan milik(?) particle) --> 내


Mengubah Sukukata bila dikombinasikan dengan partikel subjek.
저 + 가 (subject particle) = 제가 (BUKAN 저가 - meskipun beberapa orang menggunakan 저가)
나 + 가 (subject particle) = 내가 (BUKAN 나가 - meskipun beberapa orang menggunakan 나가)


Contoh2:
3) 전 변호사예요. = 저는 변호사예요. = Saya seorang pengacara
4) 난 지금 바쁘다. = 나는 지금 바쁘다. = Saya sedang sibuk sekarang
5) 교수님, 제 이메일 보셨어요? = Professor, apakah Anda melihat (membaca) email dariku?
6) 내 사랑! = Cintaku!
7) 교수님, 제가 그리로 갈께요. = Professor, aku akan pergi kesana
8) 내가 사랑하는 사람 = Orang yg saya cintai


Kebingungan yg Memungkinkan
너 berarti ANDA dalam bahasa Korea dan memiliki bentuk-bentuk berikut.


너+는 --> 넌
너 + 의 --> 네 (YOUR) - This is very similar to 내 (My) in pronunciation
너 + 가 = 네가 (BUKAN 너가, meskipun beberapa orang menggunakan 너가 atau 니가) - Ini sangat mirip dengan 내가 (나 + 가) dalam pengucapan.

ENGLISH
What Are The Difference of 나 - 저 - 제 - 내 ??
나 means "I" in Korean. 저 also means "I" in Korean but compared to 나, 저 is often used in a situation where you need to lower yourself (not in silly or bad sense).
By lowering yourself, that is to say, by using 저 instead of 나 you imply more politeness to the listener. Typically 저 is used in 존 댓말 style.


Examples:
1) 나는 왕이다 - I am a King.
2) 교수님, 저는 학생이에요. - Professor, I am a student.


Short forms with twist:
저 + 는 (topic particle) --> 전
나 + 는 (topic particle) --> 난


My (humble form) = 저 + 의 (possessive(?) particle) --> 제
My (plain form) = 나 + 의 (possessive(?) particle) --> 내


Changing Syllable when combined with the subject particle.
저 + 가 (subject particle) = 제가 (NOT 저가 - although some people use 저가)
나 + 가 (subject particle) = 내가 (NOT 나가 - again some use 나가)


Examples:
3) 전 변호사예요. = 저는 변호사예요. - I am a lawyer.
4) 난 지금 바쁘다. = 나는 지금 바쁘다. - I am busy now.
5) 교수님, 제 이메일 보셨어요? - Professor, did you see (read) my email?
6) 내 사랑! = My love!
7) 교수님, 제가 그리로 갈께요. - Professor, I will go over there.
8) 내가 사랑하는 사람 - the person that I love


Possible Confusion
너 means YOU in Korean and has following forms.


너+는 --> 넌
너 + 의 --> 네 (YOUR) - This is very similar to 내 (My) in pronunciation
너 + 가 = 네가 (NOT 너가, although some people use 너가 or 니가) - This is very similar to 내가 (나 + 가) in pronunciation.

CHINESE
 나 - 저 - 제 - 내 有什麼不同??
的意思是 "我" 在韓國. 的意思也是 "我" 在韓國, 但相比 , 常常是用在 你需要降低自己的情況下 (而不是在無聊或壞的意義上). 通過降低自己, 也就是說, 通過使用 而不是 , 你意味著更多禮貌給觀眾. 通常 用於 존 댓말 風格.


例子:
1.) 나는 왕이다 = 我是王
2) 교수님, 저는 학생이에요. = 教授, 我是個學生


短形式的扭曲
저 + 는 (主題顆粒) --> 전
나 + 는 (主題顆粒) --> 난


我 (簡單的形式) = 저 + 의 (佔有欲(?)粒子) --> 제
我 (純形式) = 나 + 의 (佔有欲(?)粒子) --> 내


改變音節時,結合學科粒子
저 + 가 (受顆粒) = 제가 (不是 저가 - 雖然有些人使用 저가)
나 + 가 (受顆粒) = 내가 (不是 나가 - 雖然有些人使用 나가)


例子:
3) 전 변호사예. = 저는 변호사예요. = 我是個律師
4) 난 지금 바쁘다. = 나는 지금 바쁘다. = 現在我很忙
5) 교수님, 제 이메일 보셨어요? = 教授, 你有看(讀) 我的電信嗎?
6) 내 사랑! = 我的愛!
7) 교수님, 제가 그리로 갈께요. = 教授, 我會去那邊.
8) 내가 사랑하는 사람 = 我愛著的人.


可能的混亂
意味著你在韓國和有以下幾種形式。


너+는 - >넌
너+의 - >네(您) - 這是非常相似 (我的)發音
너+가=네가(不是 너가,雖然有些人使用너가니가) - 這是非常相似내가나+가)的發音。

Source: Busyatom (ENG)

Tuesday, August 9, 2011

Percakapan Dasar / Basic Conversation / 基本會話

안녕하세요 (annyeonghaseyo)
Apa kabar / Halo / Selamat pagi, siang, sore, malam
Hello / Good morning, afternoon, evening
你好 / 早安, 午安, 晚安

안녕히 계세요 (annyeonghi gyeseyo)
Selamat tinggal
Good bye (when you, the guest, are leaving)
再見

안녕히 가세요 (annyeonghi gaseyo)
Selamat jalan
Good bye (when you, the host, are bidding your guests good bye)
再見

실례합니다 (sillyehamnida)
Permisi
Excuse me
勞駕

여보세요 (yeoboseyo)
Halo (ketika kita mengangkat telepon)
Hello (when picking up the phone)


어서 오세요 (eoseo oseyo)
Selamat datang
Welcome
請進

맙습니다 / 감사합니다 (gomabseumnida / gamsahamnida)
Terima kasih
Thank you
謝謝

천만에요 (cheonmaneyo)
Sama-sama (kembali)
You're welcome
不客氣

미안합니다 / 죄송합니다 (mianhamnida / jwesonghamnida)
Minta maaf
Sorry
對不起

괜찮습니다 / 괜찮아요 (gwaenchanseumnida / gwaenchanayo)
Tidak apa-apa
It's all right
沒關係

네 / 예 (ne / ye)
Ya
Yes


아니오 (aniyo)
Bukan
No
不是

Source: KBS World Radio

The Tense

INDONESIAN
Keterangan waktu
Pada dasarnya, keterangan waktu dalam Bahasa Korea dibagi 3, yakni sekarang, lampau dan waktu yang akan datang.
Untuk membuat keterangan waktu lampau, '았', '었', dan '였' dipasang di belakang kata keterangan.
Contoh:
공부하다 공부하 + 였 + 다 공부하였다(공부했다)I Studied 
살다살 + 았 + 다 살았다I lived
먹다먹 + 었 + 다  먹었다I ate 
Untuk membuat keterangan waktut yang akan datang, '겠', '을 것', '을 거' dan 'ㄹ거' dipasang di belakang kata keterangan.
Contoh:
가다 가 + 겠 + 다 가겠다I will go 
가다가 + ㄹ 것 + 이 + 다 갈 것이다I will go
가다가 + ㄹ 거 + 다 갈거다I will go

ENGLISH
The Tense
The tense of the Korean language is basically divided into
past, present and future.
The past tense is made by placing `았' `었' `였' in between the present predicate.
Ex:
공부하다 공부하 + 였 + 다 공부하였다(공부했다)I Studied 
살다살 + 았 + 다 살았다I lived
먹다먹 + 었 + 다  먹었다I ate 
The future tense is made by placing `겠' `을 것' `을 거' `ㄹ 거' in between the present predicate.
가다 가 + 겠 + 다 가겠다I will go 
가다가 + ㄹ 것 + 이 + 다 갈 것이다I will go
가다가 + ㄹ 거 + 다 갈거다I will go

CHINESE
時 態
韓國語時態,基本上分為現在、過去及未來3種時態.
在現在時態句子的謂語裡加上았었였,就變成過去時態句子.
例子)
공부하다 공부하 + 였 + 다 공부하였다(공부했다)I Studied 
살다살 + 았 + 다 살았다I lived
먹다먹 + 었 + 다  먹었다I ate 
在現在時態句子的謂語裡加上겠을거ㄹ거,就變成未來時態句子.
가다 가 + 겠 + 다 가겠다I will go 
가다가 + ㄹ 것 + 이 + 다 갈 것이다I will go
가다가 + ㄹ 거 + 다 갈거다I will go


Source: KBS World Radio

Positives and Negatives

INDONESIAN
Kalimat positif dan negatif
Untuk membuat kalimat positif dan kalimat menyangkal, ada 3 cara dalam tata bahasa Korea.
  1. 이다 / (이/가) 아니다
    Cth:
    한국사람이다 (Saya orang Korea). / 한국사람이 아니다 (Saya bukan orang Korea)
  2. 있다 / 없다
    Cth:
    한국 친구가 있다 (Saya punya teman Korea) / 한국 친구가 없다 (Saya tidak punya teman Korea)
  3. Untuk membuat kata kerja yang menyangkal, kata '' dipasang di depan kata kerja. Cth:
     김치를 먹는다 (Saya makan kimchi) / 김치를 먹는다 (Saya tidak makan kimchi)

ENGLISH
POSITIVES & NEGATIVES
There are three ways to make a sentence positive or negative.
  1. 이다 / (이/가) 아니다.
    Ex:
    한국사람이다. (I am Korean.) / 한국사람이 아니다. (I am not a Korean.) 
  2. 있다 / 없다
    Ex:
    한국 친구가 있다. (I have a Korean friend.) / 한국 친구가 없다. (I don't have a Korean friend.) 
  3. In order to make any other verbs negative, one places `' in front of the predicate.
    Ex:
    김치를 먹는다. (I eat Gimchi.) / 김치를 먹는다. (I don't eat Gimchi.)

CHINESE
肯定與否定
韓國語的句子語尾為이다,那麼那句話是肯定的.


  1. 句子語尾為(이/가) 아니다那麼那句話是否定的.
    例子)
    그는한국사람이다.(他是韓國人)/ 그는한국사람이아니다.(他不是韓國人)
  2. 있다/없다 (有,沒有)
    例子)
    그는한국친구가있다.(他有韓國朋友.)/ 그는한국친구가없다.(他沒有韓國朋友)
  3. 안(不)
    그는김치를먹는다.(他吃韓國泡菜.)/ 그는김치를먹는다.(他不吃韓國泡菜.)|例子)
    김치를먹는다. (我吃泡菜  .) / 김치를먹는다. ( 我不吃泡菜  )


Source: KBS World Radio

Kata Bantu / Postpositions / 助詞

INDONESIAN
Di dalam sebuah kalimat, fungsi gramatikal dari kata-kata tergantung dari kata bantunya.


Contoh:
철수가 공을 쳤어요 (Cheolsu memukul bola itu)
공이 철수를 쳤어요(Bola itu memukul Cheolsu)


Kata bantu `가/이' muncul setelah kata benda, kata ganti, dan angka untuk membentuk subjek.


Kata bantu `을/를' muncul setelah kata benda, kata ganti, dan angka untuk membentuk objek.
Kata bantu lainnya terdiri dari `에' yg berarti "arah" atau "tujuan", `에서' yg berarti "lokasi", dan `로/으로' yg berarti "cara" atau sebuah "alat".


Contoh:
서울에 가요. (Saya pergi ke Seoul)
학교에서 공부해요. (Saya belajar di sekolah)
택시로 가요. (Saya pergi dengan taxi)

Informasi lebih lanjut:
U/ PARTIKEL SUBJEK:
untuk kata benda 이/가,
jika kata bendanya memiliki kata yang berakhiran dengan konsonan
maka akan dipasangkan dengan –이,
cth: 얼굴(wajah) = 얼글 + -이 = 얼굴이 (eol gul ri)
별(bintang) = 별 + -이 = 별이 (byeol ri)

Pada kata di atas berakhiran konsonan ㄱ jadi harus menggunakan 이
cth: 한국 + -이 = 한국이 (hangug-i)

Kalo yang ini karena berakhiran vokal harus dipasangkan
dengan -가.
cth:
엄마(ibu) = 엄마 + -가 = 엄마가 (eom ma ga)
아빠(ayah)= 아빠 + -가 = 아빠가 (appaga)
누나 (kakak cewe) = 누나 + -가 = 누나가 (nuna-ga) 


Sama seperti -이/가, -은/는 juga merupakan penanda subjek,
sebagai penanda topik dari suatu kalimat.
Jika kata bendanya berakhiran dengan konsonan maka dipasangkan dengan -은,
tapi jika berakhiran vokal dipasangkan dengan -는.
민호 = 민호 + -는 = 민호는(minho neun)
사랑 = 사랑 + 은 = 사랑은 (sarang eun)  


U/ PARTIKEL OBJEK:
Kata benda yg berakhiran dengan konsonan maka harus memakai -을,
kalo berakhiran vocal harus memakai –를.
Sama seperti –이/가 dan –은/는 tulisnya disambung dengan kata benda.
Tidak boleh dipisahkan dengan spasi
cth:
입술(bibir) = 입술 + 를 = 입술를 (ib sul reul)
빛(sinar) = 빛 + -을 = 빛을 (bi cheul)
Partikel objek dan subjek itu bisa hilang dalam penggunaannya, misal dalam percakapan. 
 

ENGLISH
In a sentence, the grammatical function of words depend on postpositions.


Ex:
철수가 공을 쳤어요 (Cheolsu hit the ball)
공이 철수를 쳤어요(The ball hit Cheolsu)


Postpositions `가/이' come after nouns, pronouns, and numerals to make the subject form.


Proposition`을/를' come after nouns, pronouns, and numerals to make the object form. Other postpositions consist of `에' which signifies `direction' or `destination,'
`에서' which signifies `location,' and `로/으로' which signifies `the means' or a `tool.'


Ex:
서울에 가요. (I'm going to Seoul.)
학교에서 공부해요. (I study at school.)
택시로 가요. (I'm going by taxi.)

Further Information:
The difference usage between Subjective & Objective Particles, actually same as when we use "A" & "AN" Phrases in English.
For example:
1.) A Cake
2.) An Ice Cream
Ex no.1 use "A" because the word "Cake" begins with consonant C
Ex no.2 use "AN" because the word "Ice Cream" begins with vowel I
In general A is used when the following word begins with a consonant and AN is used when the following word begins with a vowel (vowel sound to be exact).


Similar things happen in Korean but in many many cases. For example, the particle 이 and 가 have exactly the same gramatical function BUT 이 is used when the preceding noun ends with a consonanant whereas 가 is used when the preceding noun ends with a vowel.


For example:
3.) 눈이 와요 (Snow is coming down) - 눈 ends with "ㄴ" which is a consonant, hence the particle "이" is used.
4.) 비가 와요 (Rain is coming down) - 비 ends with "ㅣ" which is a vowel, hence the particle "가" is used.


Another Examples:
Entity after
vowel 
after
consonant
examples / comments
은/는 는 은 코끼리는 동물이에요.
수박은 과일이에요. 
은/는  바다가 너무 좋아요.
하늘이 너무 맑아요.
을/를   를  을 전 포도를 정말 사랑해요.
사라는 게임을 잘 해요.
이에요/예요   예요      이에요 이거 얼마예요?
전 학생이에요.


Another Information
For Subjective Particle:
For nouns 이 / 가
If the noun is a word that ends in a consonant, it will be paired with - 이,
Ex:
얼굴(face) = 얼글 + -이 = 얼굴이 (eol gul ri)
별(star) = 별 + -이 = 별이 (byeol ri)


If the noun is a word that ends with consonant ㄱ, must be used with -이
Ex:
한국 + -이 = 한국이 (hangug-i)


If the noun is a word that ends in a vocal, it will be paired with - 가,
Ex:
엄마(mom) = 엄마 + -가 = 엄마가 (eom ma ga)
아빠(dad)= 아빠 + -가 = 아빠가 (appaga)
누나 (elder sister) = 누나 + -가 = 누나가 (nuna-ga)


Just like - 이 / 가, - 은 / 는 also a subject marker, as a marker of the topic of a sentence.
If the noun is a word that ends with a consonant, it will be paired with -은,
but if the noun is a word that ends with a vocal, it will be paired with -는.
Ex:
민호 = 민호 + -는 = 민호는(minho neun)
사랑 = 사랑 + 은 = 사랑은 (sarang eun)


For Objective Particle:
If the noun is a word that ends in a consonant, must be used with - 을,
if ends in a vocal, must be used with –를.
Just like - 이 / 가 and - 은 / 는 it wrote connected with a noun.
Shouldn't be seperate with space.
Ex:
입술(lips) = 입술 + 를 = 입술를 (ib sul reul)
빛(light) = 빛 + -을 = 빛을 (bi cheul)
Subjectives & Objectives Particle can be lost in its use, just like in a conversation.

CHINESE
助詞
가/이位於每句話主語後面,也就是說這一助詞前面的名詞、代詞、數詞應該是那句話的主語。


을/를位於每句話賓語後面,也就是說這一助詞前面的名詞和代詞應該是那句話的賓語。


例子)
철수가 공을 쳤어요.(哲洙打球.)
공이 철수를 쳤어요.(球打哲洙.)


'에' '에서' 位於名詞的後面。但這一名詞應該是指方向或目的地的名詞。
'에' '에서' 相當於現代漢語裡的'到'或'在'。
로/으로
位於名詞後面。這一助詞表示道具或方法。


例子)
서울에가요. (到漢城去.)
학교에서공부해요. (在學校唸書。)
택시로 가요. (坐出租汽車去。)


Source: KBS World Radio

Ungkapan Hormat / Honorifics / 尊敬語

INDONESIAN
Ungkapan Hormat
Bahasa Korea mempunyai ungkapan yg beragam menurut situasi yg spesifik dan umur, dan status dari orang yg kita tuju.
Ungkapan-ungkapan hormat dari Bahasa Korea dapat dikategorikan menjadi 4 kelompok menurut level kesopanan.


1. 어서오십시오.
2. 어서 오세요.
3. 어서 와요.
4. 어서 와.


Akhir dari ungkapan hormat itu terdiri dari dari
`-습니다,' `-ㅂ 니다' and `-여요,' `-아요,' `-어요.'

ENGLISH
Honorifics
The Korean language has various expressions according to specific situations and age and status of the people one is addressing to.
The honorifics of the Korean language can be categorized into four groups according to the level of politeness.


1. 어서오십시오.
2. 어서 오세요.
3. 어서 와요.
4. 어서 와.


The ending of the Korean honorifics consists of
`-습니다,' `-ㅂ 니다' and `-여요,' `-아요,' `-어요.'

CHINESE
尊敬語
韓國語是尊敬語發達的語言。


按照進行對話的狀況和對方年齡、地位,表現不同。比如說,“快點來”這句話,韓國人可以說出以下4種不同的表現。


1. 어서오십시오.
2. 어서 오세요.
3. 어서 와요.
4. 어서 와.


尊敬语的语尾包括
-습니다. ㅂ니다. 여요. 아요. 어요.

Contoh / Ex / 例子
  
살다 살 + 아요살아요
읽다읽 + 습니다읽습니다
 가다  가 + 아요 (ㅏ + ㅏ = ㅏ)가요
가다
 가 + ㅂ니다
갑니다

Pronunciation Practice

Pengucapan / Pronunciation Practice / 念一念

Vokal / Vowels / 母音
ㅏ(a) ㅑ(ya) ㅓ(eo)ㅕ(yeo)
ㅗ(o)  ㅛ(yo)  ㅜ(u)  ㅠ(yu)
ㅡ(eu) ㅣ(i) 
Contoh / Ex / 例子
아이(ai) 아우(au) 야유(yayu) 여유(yeoyu)
오이(oi)  우유(uyu)  이유(iyu) 
 
Konsonan / Consonants / 字音 
ㄱ (giyeok) ㄴ (nieun) ㄷ (digeut)ㄹ (rieul)
ㅁ (mieum)  ㅂ (bieup)  ㅅ (siot)  ㅇ (ieung) 
ㅈ (jieut)  ㅊ (chieut) ㅋ(kieuk) ㅌ(tieut) 
ㅍ(pieup)   ㅎ(hieut)  ㅋ(kieuk) ㅌ(tieut) 
Ex of ㄱ:
거기 (geogi)  고가 (goga) 고기 (gogi) 아가 (aga) 
아기(agi) 야구 (yagu)  여기 (yeogi) 이야기 (iyagi) 
Ex of ㄴ:
나(na)  너(neo) 나이(nai) 누구(nugu)
누나(nuna)  어느(eoneu)  누누이(nunu i) 
Ex of ㄷ:
타다(tada) 모두(modu)두루(duru)어디(eodi)
주다(juda) 드디어(deudieo)
Ex of ㄹ:
미리(miri) 고구려(goguryeo)다리(dari)오리(ori)
요리(yori) 우리(uri)꾸러미(kkureomi)
Ex of ㅁ:
나무 (namu) 머루 (maru)머리(meori)마루(maru)
어머니(eomeoni)  
Ex of ㅂ:
비녀(binyeo) 두부(dubu)바다(bada)바보(babo)
보수(bosu) 부부(bubu)  바나나(banana) 
Ex of ㅅ:
교수(gyosu)소리(sori)사자(saja)서리(seori)
수수(susu) 스스로(seuseuro)  수시로(susiro) 
Ex of ㅈ:
자수 (jasu) 바지(baji)저기(jeogi)조류(joryu)
주머니(jumeoni) 아버지(abeoji)
Ex of ㅊ :
차차(chacha) 추수(chusu)치즈(chijeu)처마(cheoma)
주차(jucha) 미처(micheo)
Ex of ㅋ:
키다리(kidari) 코코아(kokoa)크리스마스(keuriseumaseu)켜다(kyeoda)
크다(keuda) 커지다(keojida)
Ex of ㅌ:
타조 (tajo) 도토리(dotori)타수(tasu)투지(tuji)
버터(beoteo) 토마토(tomato)
Ex of ㅎ:
하루(haru) 허수아비(heosuabi)휴지(hyuji)호루라기(horuragi)
휴가(hyuga) 허리(heori)

Source: KBS World Radio

Final (Consonant or Consonant Cluster)

INDONESIAN
Huruf konsonan akhir
Dalam satu suku-kata, huruf konsonan Hangul dapat
dipasang di depan atau di belakang huruf vokal.
19 huruf konsonan termasuk semua konsonan ganda
dapat dipasang di depan huruf vokal secara keseluruhan
tetapi di belakang huruf vokal,
16 huruf konsonan saja kecuali
3 konsonan ganda, ㄸ, ㅃ, ㅉ dapat dipasang.
Menyusul huruf vokal untuk membentuk konsonan rangkap disebut 받침(bachim).
받침 mempunyai 7 nilai kata yakni ㅇ, ㅁ, ㄴ, ㄹ, ㅂ, ㄷ, ㄱ

ENGLISH
Final (Consonant or Consonant Cluster)

In a Korean language, the consonants come before or after a syllable.
19 consonants, including the double consonants,
can all be used in front of a vowel,
but only 16 consonants excluding ㄸ, ㅃ, ㅉ can come after a vowel.
The consonants on the end of a Korean orthographic syllable is called a "final."
These "finals" only have seven phonetic values which are ㅇ, ㅁ, ㄴ, ㄹ, ㅂ, ㄷ, ㄱ.

CHINESE
尾 音
韓國語的每一個字,子音可放在母音的前面和後面.
包括複合子音在內的19個子音都可放在母音的前面,
ㄸ、ㅃ、ㅉ 3個子音不可放在母音的後面.
放在母音的後面而要發音的子音叫'尾音'.
19個子音當中,除了ㄸ、ㅃ、ㅉ3個子音之外的16個子音都可當尾音,
但它們的發音只有ㅇ、ㅁ、ㄴ、ㄹ、ㅂ、ㄷ、ㄱ6個子音的發音.

Source: KBS World Radio

Double Vowels & Consonants

INDONESIAN
Huruf Vokal Ganda:
ㅐ ㅒ ㅔ ㅖ ㅘ ㅙ ㅚ ㅝ ㅞ ㅟ ㅢ


Contoh:
ㄱ + ㅐ = 개


Huruf Konsonan Ganda:
ㄲ ㄸ ㅃ ㅆ ㅉ


contoh:
ㄸ + ㅣ = 띠

ENGLISH
Double Vowels:
ㅐ ㅒ ㅔ ㅖ ㅘ ㅙ ㅚ ㅝ ㅞ ㅟ ㅢ


Ex:
ㄱ + ㅐ = 개


Double Consonants:
ㄲ ㄸ ㅃ ㅆ ㅉ


Ex:
ㄸ + ㅣ = 띠

CHINESE
複合母音是由2個以上母音結合而成的母音
ㅐ ㅒ ㅔ ㅖ ㅘ ㅙ ㅚ ㅝ ㅞ ㅟ ㅢ


例子:
ㄱ + ㅐ = 개


複合子音是由2個子音結合而成的子音
ㄲ ㄸ ㅃ ㅆ ㅉ


例子:
ㄸ + ㅣ = 띠


Source: KBS World Radio

Vowels & Consonants

Vokal & Konsonan
Vowels & Consonants
韩文字母

INDONESIAN
Huruf vokal dan konsonan Hangul
Hangul adalah nama resmi Bahasa Korea yang dipakai oleh Bangsa Korea setelah diciptakan oleh Raja Agung Sejong, Dinasti Chosun pada tahun 1443. Jumlah huruf Hangul adalah 24 yang terdiri atas 10 huruf vokal dan 14 huruf konsonan.


Vokal: ㅏㅑㅓㅕㅗㅛㅜㅠㅡㅣ
Konsonan: ㄱㄴㄷㄹㅁㅂㅅㅇㅈㅊㅋㅌㅍㅎ


Cara penulisan Bahasa Korea Hangul dilakukan setelah menggabungkan huruf vokal dan konsonan untuk membentuk satu suku-kata seperti bahasa asing lainnya, dan dituliskan dari kiri ke kanan atau dari atas ke bawah.


Contoh:
ㅎ+ㅏ+ㄴ = 한
h + a + n = han


ㄱ+ㅜ+ㄱ = 국
g + u + k = guk


한국 = hanguk (Korea)

ENGLISH
Vowels and Consonants
Hangeul is the name of the Korean language.
It was created by King Sejong, the 4th ruler of the Joseon Dynasty in the year 1443. Hangeul consists of ten vowels and fourteen consonants.


Vowels: ㅏㅑㅓㅕㅗㅛㅜㅠㅡㅣ
Consonants: ㄱㄴㄷㄹㅁㅂㅅㅇㅈㅊㅋㅌㅍㅎ


Like any other language, a combination of vowels and consonants makes up a syllable, and it is written in the left to right and up to down directional style .


Ex:
ㅎ+ㅏ+ㄴ = 한
h + a + n = han


ㄱ+ㅜ+ㄱ = 국
g + u + k = guk


한국 = hanguk (Korea)

CHINESE / 中文
韩文字母
“Hangul" 是指韓國人使用的文字,1443年由朝鮮王朝第4代世宗大王創作的。韓文有24個字母,其中14個是子音,其餘的10個是母音。


母音: ㅏㅑㅓㅕㅗㅛㅜㅠㅡㅣ
字音: ㄱㄴㄷㄹㅁㅂㅅㅇㅈㅊㅋㅌㅍㅎ


韓國語與中國語一樣,子音和母音配合而成1個字。韓文的寫法是從左到右、從上而下寫。


列子:
ㅎ+ㅏ+ㄴ = 한
h + a + n = han


ㄱ+ㅜ+ㄱ = 국
g + u + k = guk


한국 = hanguk (韓國)


source: KBS World Radio

Monday, August 8, 2011

FAMILY / KELUARGA / 家人

가족 (gajok) = KELUARGA / FAMILY / 家族

NOTE:
Blue = Indonesian
Orange = English
Red = Chinese

아버지 쪽의 (aboji jogeui)  = Dari Pihak Ayah / Father Side / 父親的
  1. 할아버지 (haraboji) = 
    Kakek
    Grandpa
    爺爺
  2. 할머니 (halmoni) =
    Nenek
    Grandma
    奶奶
  3. 고모 (gomo) =
    Tante (adik atau kakak perempuan dari Ayah)
    Auntie (Dad's sisters)
    姑媽 (爸爸的姊姊或妹妹)
  4. 고모부 (gomobu) =
    Paman (suami dari tante)
    Uncle (aunt's husband)
      姑丈 (姑姑的丈夫)
  5. 삼촌 / 숙부 (samchon / sukbu) =
    Paman (adik laki-laki ayah)
    Uncle (Dad's younger brothers)
    叔叔  / 叔父 (爸爸的弟弟) 
  6. 숙모(sukmo) =
    Tante (istri dari paman)
    Aunt (wife of dad's younger brother)
    叔母 (叔叔的妻子)
  7. 백부 (baekbu) =
    Paman (kakak laki2 ayah)
    Uncle (Dad's elder Brothers)
    伯父 (爸爸的哥哥)
  8. 백모 (baekmo) =
    Tante (istri dari kakak laki2 ayah)
    Aunt (wife of dad's elder brothers)
    伯母 (
    伯父的妻子)
  9.  아버지 (aboji) =
    Ayah
    Dad
    爸爸  

어머니 쪽의 (omoni jogeui)  = Dari Pihak Ibu / Mother Side / 母親的
  1. 외할아보지 (oeharaboji)  =
    Kakek
    Grandpa

    外公
     
  2. 외할머니 (oehalmoni) =
    Nenek
    Grandma

    外婆 
  3. 어머니 (omoni) =
    Ibu
     
    Mom 

    媽媽 
  4. 이모 (imo) =
    Tante (kakak ato adik dari ibu)
    Auntie (Mom's sisters)
    姨媽  (媽媽的姊姊或妹妹)
  5. 외삼촌 / 외숙부 (oesamchon / oesukbu) =
    Paman (kakak ato adik dari ibu)
    Uncle (Mom's brothers)
    舅舅 / 外叔 (媽媽的哥哥或弟弟)

형제자매 (hyongjejamae) = Saudara / Siblings / 兄弟姊妹 
Jika pembicaranya laki-laki / If the spoker is a boy / 如果說話者是男生
  1. 형 (hyong) =
    Kakak laki-laki
    Elder brother
    哥哥
  2. 형수 (hyongsu) =
    Kakak ipar (istri dari kakak laki-laki)
    Sister in law (elder brother's wife)
    嫂嫂 (哥哥的妻子) 
  3. 누나 (nuna) =
    kakak perempuan

    elder sister
    姊姊
  4.  매부 (maebu) =
    Adik ipar (suami dari adik perempuan)

    Brother in law (younger sisters' husband)
    妹夫 (妹妹的丈夫)
  5. 매형 (maehyong) =
    Kakak ipar (suami dari kakak perempuan)
    Brother in law (elder sisters' husband)
    姊夫 (姊姊的丈夫)
  6.  여동생 (yodongsaeng) = Adik perempuan
    Younger sisters
    妹妹
  7. 남동생 (namdongsaeng) =
    Adik laki-laki
    Younger brothers
    弟弟

Jika pembicaranya perempuan / If the spoker is a girl / 如果說話者是女生
  1.  오빠 (oppa) =
    Kakak laki-laki

    Elder Brother
    哥哥 
  2. 언니 (onni) =
    Kakak perempuan (dapat digunakan u/ memanggil istri dari kakak laki2)
    Elder sister (can be used for call elder brothers' wife)
    姊姊 
  3. 형부 (hyongbu) =
    Kakak ipar (suami dari kakak perempuan)
    Brother in law  (elder sisters' husband)
    姊姊的丈夫 
  4. 여동생 (yodongsaeng) = 
    Adik perempuan

    Younger sisters
    妹妹
  5.  남동생 (namdongsaeng) =
    Adik laki-laki
    Younger brothers
    弟弟

사촌 (sachon) =
Sepupu
Cousin
表兄弟姊妹 / 堂兄弟姊妹

아들 (adel) =
Anak laki-laki
Son
兒子

딸 (ddal) =
Anak perempuan
Daughter
女兒

조카 (joka) =
Keponakan laki-laki / perempuan
Nephew / Niece
姪子 / 姪女

조카딸 / 질녀 (jokaddal / jilnyo) =
Keponakan Perempuan
Niece
姪女

손자 (sonja) =
Cucu laki-laki
Grandson
孫子

손녀 (sonnyo) =
Cucu perempuan
Granddaughter
孫女